What were some of the other agents Nancy had worked on and had vaccinations for? Pick
three and describe their ecology (living conditions and symptoms).
Nancy had vaccines for “yellow fever, Q fever, Rift Valley fever, the VEE, EEE, and WEE complex(brain viruses that live in horses), and tularemia, anthrax, and botulism. And...a series of shots for rabies” (Preston 61). Rift Valley fever is a viral disease that commonly affects livestock and can also be transmitted to humans. It is most prevalent in eastern and southern Africa and Madagascar. The RVF virus in humans will not cause symptoms until 2-6 days after infection and usually is responsible for fever-related illness, such as back pain, weakness and dizziness. Most people recover within a week, but some (8-10%) develop more severe symptoms, including lesions on the eyes (50% of patients with eye lesions have complete vision loss), inflammation of the brain, and hemorrhagic fever. Infection can occur as a result of contact with blood, bodily fluids or tissues of infected animals. Also, mosquitoes can transmit the disease. Tularemia is a bacterial disease caused by Francisella tularensis. It mostly affects mammals and rodent species. It is highly infectious and can be contracted through the mouth, lungs, throat, eyes, or skin. the bacteria is usually transmitted via tick bites and deer flies, however it can also be contracted by inhaling contaminated dust or aerosols or drinking contaminated water. Tulemeria is naturally occurring in the United States as well as Europe. Humans cannot transmit the disease. Symptoms usually begin showing up 3-5 days after infection, there are five main types of tulemeria , all are accompanied by fever: Ulceroglandular causes skin ulcers at the site of infection, Glandular results in swelling of the regional lymph glands in armpits and groin, Oculoglandular includes irritation and inflammation in the eyes and swelling of lymph glands, Oropharyngeal causes sore throat, mouth ulcers, tonsillitis, and swelling of lymph glands in the neck, and Pneumonic includes cough, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. Botulism is caused by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. This bacteria produces botulinum toxins under low-oxygen conditions. These toxins block nerve function. Human infection is caused by eating contaminated foods, mostly canned and home-bottled foods. symptoms caused by the toxin include fatigue, weakness and vertigo, blurred vision, dry mouth and trouble swallowing and speaking. Vomiting, diarrhea, constipation and abdominal swelling. it can also cause weakness in the neck and arms, and paralysis which makes breathing difficult. Botulism. (2014, April 25). Retrieved April 20, 2015, from http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/botulism/#symptoms Rift Valley Fever (RVF). (2013, November 14). Retrieved April 20, 2015, from http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/rvf/ Tularemia. (2011, January 11). Retrieved April 20, 2015, from http://www.cdc.gov/tularemia/
In continuation to the agents that Sophia described Yellow fever is an acute hemorrhagic disease. It is transmitted by infected mosquitoes. Once the virus is contracted, the virus will incubate inside the body for 2-6 days, once that is doe there are two stages of the virus symptoms. The first stage involves fever, muscle pains, shivers, and nausea and vomiting (WHO 2015). After this initial stage many patients become better and the symptoms disappear after a few days. Those who don’t get better go through the second stage which results in the patient developing jaundice which is the reason behind the yellow in the agent name. The most important preventative measure for Yellow fever would be getting the yellow fever vaccination (WHO 2015).
Furthermore into Sophia's response, Nancy had dealt with Q fever which is caused by the bacteria Coxiella burnetti C. burnetti is resistant most antiseptics and can stand against heat and dry environments. Q Fever can be contracted through droplet contact (sneezing, coughing) or through the air, attached to dust particles (CDC 2015). When contracted, the individual might not exhibit any symptoms since "infection can resurface years later" (Mayo Clinic Staff 2014) Symptoms of Q fever are flu-like and include high fevers, vomitting, diarrhea, abdominal and chest pains, myalgia (muscle pains), migranes and a general discomfort (CDC 2013). Q fever can be treated through medication, specifically with doxycycline; it should be taken when Q fever is suspected and can prevent any further severe complications (CDC 2013).
CDC (2013, Nov. 13). Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Retrieved April 19, 2015, from .
CDC (2015, March 2015). Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Retrieved April 19, 2015, from
Mayo Clinic Staff (2014, July 24). Q Fever. Retrieved April 19, 2015,from .
Nancy had vaccines for “yellow fever, Q fever, Rift Valley fever, the VEE, EEE, and WEE complex(brain viruses that live in horses), and tularemia, anthrax, and botulism. And...a series of shots for rabies” (Preston 61). Rift Valley fever is a viral disease that commonly affects livestock and can also be transmitted to humans. It is most prevalent in eastern and southern Africa and Madagascar. The RVF virus in humans will not cause symptoms until 2-6 days after infection and usually is responsible for fever-related illness, such as back pain, weakness and dizziness. Most people recover within a week, but some (8-10%) develop more severe symptoms, including lesions on the eyes (50% of patients with eye lesions have complete vision loss), inflammation of the brain, and hemorrhagic fever. Infection can occur as a result of contact with blood, bodily fluids or tissues of infected animals. Also, mosquitoes can transmit the disease. Tularemia is a bacterial disease caused by Francisella tularensis. It mostly affects mammals and rodent species. It is highly infectious and can be contracted through the mouth, lungs, throat, eyes, or skin. the bacteria is usually transmitted via tick bites and deer flies, however it can also be contracted by inhaling contaminated dust or aerosols or drinking contaminated water. Tulemeria is naturally occurring in the United States as well as Europe. Humans cannot transmit the disease. Symptoms usually begin showing up 3-5 days after infection, there are five main types of tulemeria , all are accompanied by fever: Ulceroglandular causes skin ulcers at the site of infection, Glandular results in swelling of the regional lymph glands in armpits and groin, Oculoglandular includes irritation and inflammation in the eyes and swelling of lymph glands, Oropharyngeal causes sore throat, mouth ulcers, tonsillitis, and swelling of lymph glands in the neck, and Pneumonic includes cough, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. Botulism is caused by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. This bacteria produces botulinum toxins under low-oxygen conditions. These toxins block nerve function. Human infection is caused by eating contaminated foods, mostly canned and home-bottled foods. symptoms caused by the toxin include fatigue, weakness and vertigo, blurred vision, dry mouth and trouble swallowing and speaking. Vomiting, diarrhea, constipation and abdominal swelling. it can also cause weakness in the neck and arms, and paralysis which makes breathing difficult.
ReplyDeleteBotulism. (2014, April 25). Retrieved April 20, 2015, from http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/botulism/#symptoms
Rift Valley Fever (RVF). (2013, November 14). Retrieved April 20, 2015, from http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/rvf/
Tularemia. (2011, January 11). Retrieved April 20, 2015, from http://www.cdc.gov/tularemia/
In continuation to the agents that Sophia described Yellow fever is an acute hemorrhagic disease. It is transmitted by infected mosquitoes. Once the virus is contracted, the virus will incubate inside the body for 2-6 days, once that is doe there are two stages of the virus symptoms. The first stage involves fever, muscle pains, shivers, and nausea and vomiting (WHO 2015). After this initial stage many patients become better and the symptoms disappear after a few days. Those who don’t get better go through the second stage which results in the patient developing jaundice which is the reason behind the yellow in the agent name. The most important preventative measure for Yellow fever would be getting the yellow fever vaccination (WHO 2015).
ReplyDeleteFurthermore into Sophia's response, Nancy had dealt with Q fever which is caused by the bacteria Coxiella burnetti C. burnetti is resistant most antiseptics and can stand against heat and dry environments. Q Fever can be contracted through droplet contact (sneezing, coughing) or through the air, attached to dust particles (CDC 2015). When contracted, the individual might not exhibit any symptoms since "infection can resurface years later" (Mayo Clinic Staff 2014) Symptoms of Q fever are flu-like and include high fevers, vomitting, diarrhea, abdominal and chest pains, myalgia (muscle pains), migranes and a general discomfort (CDC 2013). Q fever can be treated through medication, specifically with doxycycline; it should be taken when Q fever is suspected and can prevent any further severe complications (CDC 2013).
ReplyDeleteCDC (2013, Nov. 13). Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Retrieved April 19, 2015, from .
CDC (2015, March 2015). Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Retrieved April 19, 2015, from
Mayo Clinic Staff (2014, July 24). Q Fever. Retrieved April 19, 2015,from .